Evaluation of Chemical Preparation on Insect Wing Shape for Geometric Morphometrics
نویسندگان
چکیده
Geometric morphometrics is an approach that has been increasingly applied in studies with insects. A limiting factor of this technique is that some mosquitoes have wings with dark spots or many scales, which jeopardizes the visualization of landmarks for morphometric analysis. Recently, in some studies, chemically treatment (staining) of the wings was used to improve the viewing of landmarks. In this study, we evaluated whether this method causes deformation of the wing veins and tested whether it facilitates the visualization of the most problematic landmarks. In addition, we tested whether mechanical removal of the scales was sufficient for this purpose. The results showed that the physical and chemical treatments are equally effective in improving visualization of the landmarks. The chemical method did not cause deformation of the wing. Thus, some of these treatments should be performed before beginning geometric morphometric analysis to avoid erroneous landmark digitizing.
منابع مشابه
Patriline Differences Reveal Genetic Influence on Forewing Size and Shape in a Yellowjacket Wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespula flavopilosa Jacobson, 1978)
The wing venation is frequently used as a morphological marker to distinguish biological groups among insects. With geometric morphometrics, minute shape differences can be detected between closely related species or populations, making this technique useful for taxonomy. However, the direct influence of genetic differences on wing morphology has not been explored within colonies of social inse...
متن کاملتنوع جمعیتهای میزبانی زنجره خرما، Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin (Hem.: Tropiduchidae) در جنوب ایران
Dubas bug, Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin (Hem.: Tropiduchidae), is a key pest of date palms in Iran.This pest was first reported on date palms in 1966 and has been established throughout the date producing regions in southern Iran since. Date palm is the only host plant of Dubas bug. It attacks almost all date palm varieties, esp. Mazafati variety in city of Bam, Kerman Province and other vari...
متن کاملWing Shape and Its Influence on the Outcome of Territorial Contests in the Damselfly Calopteryx virgo
Male mating success is often determined by territory ownership and traits associated with successful territory defense. Empirical studies have shown that the territory owner wins the majority of fights with challenging males. Several physical and physiological traits have been found to correlate with resource holding potential. In addition, in aerial insects, wing design may also have a strong ...
متن کاملThe comparative study of intra-specific variations in the various populations of Clinopodes flavidus (Geophlilomorpha, Geophilidae) in Alborz Mountain, using geometric morphometrics
The aim of this study was to determine the variations among cephalic plates of individuals in two populations of Clinopodes flavidus in Alborz Mountains, by means of landmark-based techniques of geometric morphometrics. Therefore, 17 landmarks and semi-landmarks on the coxosternite of poison claw and seven landmarks and semi-landmarks on the tarsangulum of poison claw were selected using TpsDig...
متن کاملBat Species Comparisons Based on External Morphology: A Test of Traditional versus Geometric Morphometric Approaches
External morphology is commonly used to identify bats as well as to investigate flight and foraging behavior, typically relying on simple length and area measures or ratios. However, geometric morphometrics is increasingly used in the biological sciences to analyse variation in shape and discriminate among species and populations. Here we compare the ability of traditional versus geometric morp...
متن کامل